Minimally Invasive Surgery and Robotics: Future Trends and Challenges

Abstract

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has revolutionized patient care by significantly reducing recovery times, surgical trauma, and the risk of infection compared to traditional open surgery. The introduction of robotics into MIS has further enhanced surgical precision, control, and ergonomics. This manuscript explores the evolution of MIS and robotic technologies, examines current trends, and identifies the challenges that must be overcome to advance the field. It highlights technological innovations such as improved imaging modalities, haptic feedback, and AI-based decision support systems while also addressing issues related to cost, training, and integration with clinical workflows. Through a detailed literature review, analysis of current practices, and discussion of future directions, this study provides an evidence-based perspective on how robotics can further refine minimally invasive techniques. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges in order to fully realize the potential of robotics in MIS. In conclusion, while the future of MIS and robotic surgery is promising, ongoing research and a structured implementation approach are crucial to ensure that these advancements translate into improved patient outcomes and broader clinical adoption.